Study identifies 14th-century French rejection of Shroud of Turin Bishop Pierre d'Arcis denounced Shroud in 1389 to Pope Clement VII Theologian Nicole Oresme condemned Shroud as fraudulent, linked to clergy fraud Radiocarbon dating shows Shroud dates to late 1200s/1300s, not antiquity Shroud’s forgery claims date back centuries, fueling ongoing authenticity debates.