Lead's Impact on Brain and Behavior
Lead exposure was considered modern, but ancient sources included volcanic activity, wildfires, and soils.
Researchers used 51 fossil teeth and high-precision geochemistry to detect lead in enamel and dentine.
Neanderthal genetics were more harmed by lead, while a modern gene variant improved survival and language.
Lead caused 1.5 million deaths in 2021, with ongoing use in batteries, ceramics, and cosmetics.