Catholic Underground Faces Pressure

Human Rights Watch reports 12 million Chinese Catholics face surveillance and travel restrictions.
Xi Jinping's 'Sinicization' campaign aligns Catholic practices with Communist Party ideology.
2018 Holy See-China agreement enables authorities to pressure underground Catholics.
2025 regulations require Catholic clergy to submit travel documents for state approval.
Authorities restrict children's access to churches, violating international norms.
Some priests barred from bank accounts or passports, facing survival challenges.
Orphanages shut down, and religious teachings limited under government control.
ChinaAid urges U.S. to act against systematic erosion of Catholic freedom.
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